何為Rtu?
又稱:Ritu(梵語:Ritu,羅馬化:tú,lit. 'period')在吠陀梵語中是指固定或約定的時間,尤其是吠陀宗教中祭祀(yajna)或儀式的適當時間。這個詞在梨俱吠陀、夜柔吠陀和阿闥吠陀中如此使用。在古典梵語中,它指的是一個時代或時期,尤其是印度教曆法中的六個季節或儀式之一。
它也是一個 Rishi 和 12th Manu 的名字。(在本篇裏指的就是Manu)
這個太陽年,北印度,Dakshinayana,春天等。十二個月,Chaitra等,Shukla和Krishna Paksha,白天和黑夜,Muhurta是三十種藝術的組合,Kala是30。(三十)Katha的組合,Katha是 18 Nimesh 和 Nimesh 等的組合出版當時的部門。真如所言,從四面八方汲取一切藥水與水,隨光而居,隨風而來。在印度不同的史書裏,所定義的Manu也不一樣,列於下表:
|
List of Manus according to Source |
|||||
|
Manvantara 摩奴期 |
Bhagavata Purana 薄伽梵往事書 |
Brahma Purana 梵卵往事書 |
Linga Purana 林伽往事書 |
Skanda Purana 1 室犍陀往事書1 |
Skanda Purana 2室犍陀往事書2 |
|
1 |
Swayambhuva斯婆閻菩婆 |
||||
|
2 |
Svarocisha 斯婆柔耆薩 |
||||
|
3 |
Uttama 烏陀摩 |
||||
|
4 |
Tapasa/Tamasa 陀摩薩 |
||||
|
5 |
Raivata 梨跋多 |
||||
|
6 |
Chakshusha 察蘇薩 |
||||
|
7 |
Vaivasvata 毗婆斯婆多 |
||||
|
8 |
Savarni 娑伐尼 |
||||
|
9 |
Daksha-savarni 達剎娑伐尼 |
Raibhya |
Dharma |
Brahma-savarni |
Bhautya |
|
10 |
Brahma-savarni 梵天娑伐尼 |
Raucya |
Savarnika |
Rudra-savarni |
Raucya |
|
11 |
Dharma-savarni達摩娑伐尼 |
The four Merusavarnis |
Pisanga |
Daksa-sarvarni |
Brahma-savarni |
|
12 |
Rudra-savarni樓陀羅娑伐尼 |
Apisangabha |
Dharma-savarni |
Rudra-savarni |
|
|
13 |
Deva-savarni提婆娑伐尼 |
Sabala |
Raucya |
Meru-savarni |
|
|
14 |
Indra-savarni因陀羅娑伐尼 |
Varnaka |
Bhautya |
Daksha-savarni |
|
![]()
摩奴(Manu)是印度神話中人類始祖的統稱,也是帶領人們度過劫難的先知。相傳梵天在創世期間不斷地睡去又醒來,每次相隔時間極長,稱為劫數(kalpa),而在每一劫中梵天會創造出一位始祖,幫自己代理世界的秩序。如今的世界正處於第七個迦梨時代,代表的先知名為毘婆斯婆多(Vaivasvata),他在毗濕奴神的指引下建造大船,度過了洪水災難。
![]()
|
HYMN XV. Ṛtu. |
讚美詩 15 Rtu. |
|
|
(1) |
इन्द्र॑। सोम॑म्। पिब॑। ऋ॒तुना॑। आ। त्वा॒। वि॒श॒न्तु॒। इन्द॑वः। म॒त्स॒रासः॒। तत्ऽओ॑कसः॥
indra | somam | piba | ṛtunā | ā | tvā | viśantu | indavaḥ | matsarāsaḥ | tat-okasaḥ
O INDRA drink the Soma juice with Rtu; let the cheering drops Sink deep within, which settle there. |
哦!!因陀羅與Rtu一起喝索瑪汁; 讓歡呼的水滴深深地落在心裡,沉澱在那裡。 |
|
(2) |
मरु॑तः। पिब॑त। ऋ॒तुना॑। पो॒त्रात्। य॒ज्ञम्। पू॒नी॒त॒न॒। यू॒यम्। हि। स्थ। सु॒ऽदा॒न॒वः॒॥
marutaḥ | pibata | ṛtunā | potrāt | yajñam | pūnītana | yūyam | hi | stha | su-dānavaḥ
Drink from the Purifier’s cup, Maruts, with Rtu; sanctify The rite, for ye give precious gifts. |
用 Rtu 從淨化者的杯子裡喝水,Maruts;使儀式成聖,因為你們給予珍貴的禮物。 |
|
(3) |
अ॒भि। य॒ज्ञम्। गृ॒णी॒हि॒। नः॒। ग्रावः॑। नेष्ट॒रिति॑। पिब॑। ऋ॒तुना॑। त्वम्। हि। र॒त्न॒ऽधा। असि॑॥
abhi | yajñam | gṛṇīhi | naḥ | grāvaḥ | neṣṭariti | piba | ṛtunā | tvam | hi | ratna-dhā | asi
O Nestar, with thy Dame accept our sacrifice; with Rtu drink, For thou art he who giveth wealth. |
哦,內斯塔,和你的夫人一起接受我們的獻祭;與 Rtu 一起喝,因為你是給予財富的人。 |
|
(4) |
अग्ने॑। दे॒वान्। इ॒ह। आ। व॒ह॒। सा॒दय॑। योनि॑षु। त्रि॒षु। परि॑। भू॒ष॒। पिब॑। ऋ॒तुना॑॥
agne | devān | iha | ā | vaha | sādaya | yoniṣu | triṣu | pari | bhūṣa | piba | ṛtunā
Bring the Gods, Agni; in the three appointed places set them down: Surround them, and with Rtu drink. |
把神帶來,阿耆尼; 把他們安置在三個指定的地方:圍繞著他們,給他們喝一杯。
**要么在黎明、中午和日落的三個日常儀式上,要么在祭祀時點燃的三把火——Ahavaniya、Daksina 和 Garhapatya。 |
|
(5) |
ब्राह्म॑णात्। इ॒न्द्र॒। राध॑सः। पिब॑। सोम॑म्। ऋ॒तून्। अनु॑। तव॑। इत्। हि। स॒ख्यम्। अस्तृ॑तम्॥
brāhmaṇāt | indra | rādhasaḥ | piba | somam | ṛtūn | anu | tava | it | hi | sakhyam | astṛtam
Drink Soma after the Rtus, from the Brahmana’s bounty: undissolved, O Indra, is thy friendship’s bond. |
從婆羅門的恩賜中,在儀式之後喝索瑪:未溶解的,因陀羅,是你友誼的紐帶。
文字晦澀難懂。Brahmanad-radhasah 的字面意思是婆羅門財富;但後者被解釋為昂貴或富有的器皿-dhanabhutat patrat,而前者與 Brahmanacchamsi 相關;Brahmaanacchamsi-sambaddhat。Brahmanacchamsi 是受僱於祭祀的十六位祭司之一,對應於第二組的四人組中的梵天。也許他的職責可能是拿著一些勺子或花瓶,其中提供了祭品,或者其中沒有花費的部分被移除,正如關於他的說法,關係是有 leanings-tasya sambandhyucchistas camasah 的勺子。羅森將其翻譯為 sacro pracepto congrua ex patera;M. Langlois,au vase qui contient Poffrande sacree。 |
|
(6)
|
यु॒वम्। दक्ष॑म्। धृ॒त॒ऽव्र॒ता॒। मित्रा॑वरुणा। दुः॒ऽदभ॑म्। ऋ॒तुना॑। य॒ज्ञम्। आ॒शा॒थे॒ इति॑॥
yuvam | dakṣam | dhṛta-vratā | mitrāvaruṇā | duḥ-dabham | ṛtunā | yajñam | āśātheiti
Mitra, Varuna, ye whose ways are firm – a Power that none deceives-, With Rtu ye have reached the rite. |
Mitra,Varuna,你們的道路是堅定的——一種沒有人能欺騙的力量——你們與 Rtu 一起達成了儀式。 |
|
7 |
द्र॒वि॒णः॒ऽदाः। द्रवि॑णसः। ग्राव॑ऽहस्तासः। अ॒ध्व॒रे। य॒ज्ञेषु॑। दे॒वम्। ई॒ळ॒ते॒॥
draviṇaḥ-dāḥ | draviṇasaḥ | grāva-hastāsaḥ | adhvare | yajñeṣu | devam | īḷate
The Soma-pressers, fain for wealth, praise the Wealth-giver in the rite, In sacrifices praise the God. |
求財的人,在祭禮中讚美財主,在祭祀中讚美神。
Grava-hastasah1。他們手裡拿著石頭,用來砸傷 Soma 植物。Grava-van 也是十六位祭司之一。但它在這裡被普遍使用。Dravinodas 是 Agni 的綽號或稱呼,作為財富的捐贈者 (das),或力量的捐贈者 dravina。在 adhvara 和 yajnas 中,第一個據說是主要或基本的儀式,Prakrti-rupa,例如 Agnistoma;第二,修改後的儀式,vikrti-rupesu;例如 Ukthya,它在其他地方被稱為帶有 Soma 果汁的供品 - Somasamsthayagam。 |
|
8 |
द्र॒वि॒णः॒ऽदाः। द॒दा॒तु॒। नः॒। वसू॑नि। यानि॑। शृ॒ण्वि॒रे। दे॒वेषु॑। ता। व॒ना॒म॒हे॒॥
draviṇaḥ-dāḥ | dadātu | naḥ | vasūni | yāni | śṛṇvire | deveṣu | tā | vanāmahe
May the Wealth-giver grant to us riches that shall be far renowned. These things we gain, among the Gods. |
願財主賜予我們遠近聞名的財富。這些我們在眾神中獲得的東西。 |
|
9 |
द्र॒वि॒णः॒ऽदाः। पि॒पी॒ष॒ति॒। जु॒होत॑। प्र। च॒। ति॒ष्ठ॒त॒। ने॒ष्ट्रात्। ऋ॒तुऽभिः॑। इ॒ष्य॒त॒॥
draviṇaḥ-dāḥ | pipīṣati | juhota | pra | ca | tiṣṭhata | neṣṭrāt | ṛtu-bhiḥ | iṣyata
He with the Ṛtu fain would drink, Wealth-giver, from the Neṣṭar's bowl. Haste, give your offering, and depart. |
他和 Ṛtu fain 會從 Neṣṭar 的碗裡喝,財富給予者。快點,獻上你的祭品,然後離開。 |
|
10 |
यत्। त्वा॒। तु॒रीय॑म्। ऋ॒तुऽभिः॑। द्रवि॑णःऽदः। यजा॑महे। अध॑। स्म॒। नः॒। द॒दिः। भ॒व॒॥
yat | tvā | turīyam | ṛtu-bhiḥ | draviṇaḥ-daḥ | yajāmahe | adha | sma | naḥ | dadiḥ | bhava
As we this fourth time, Wealth-giver, honour thee with the Ṛtus, be A Giver bountiful to us. |
當我們第四次,財富給予者,以 Ṛtus 榮耀你,成為一個慷慨的給予者。 |
|
11 |
अश्वि॑ना। पिब॑तम्। मधु॑। दीद्य॑ग्नी॒ इति॒ दीदि॑ऽअग्नी। शु॒चि॒ऽव्र॒ता॒। ऋ॒तुना॑। य॒ज्ञ॒ऽवा॒ह॒सा॒॥
aśvinā | pibatam | madhu | dīdyagnī itidīdi-agnī | śuci-vratā | ṛtunā | yajña-vāhasā
Drink ye the meath, O Aśvins bright with flames, whose acts are pure, who with Ṛtus accept the sacrifice. |
喝你的肉食,阿斯文,燃燒著火焰,行為純潔。與 Rtus 一起接受犧牲的人。 |
|
12 |
गार्ह॑पत्येन। स॒न्त्य॒। ऋ॒तुना॑। य॒ज्ञ॒ऽनीः। अ॒सि॒। दे॒वान्। दे॒व॒य॒ते। य॒ज॒॥
gārhapatyena | santya | ṛtunā | yajña-nīḥ | asi | devān | devayate | yaja
With Ṛtu, through the house-fire, thou, kind Giver, guidest sacrifice: Worship the Gods for the pious man.
|
與 Rtu 一起,通過房子的火,你,善良的給予者,引導獻祭儀式:為虔誠的人崇拜眾神。 |
請先 登入 以發表留言。