除了弗陀羅之戰的中心神話外,還有幾個小故事與因陀羅有關。在不同的段落中,他被描述為粉碎了黎明女神烏薩斯的汽車(iv.51);這一特徵可能是基於因陀羅因黎明延遲而推遲太陽的概念。據說他還阻止了太陽的戰馬,顯然是通過使後者失去了汽車的一個輪子。因陀羅也與贏得索瑪的神話有關。因為老鷹從至高的天堂為他帶來了不朽的力量。另一個神話是因陀羅在薩拉瑪的幫助下捕獲了被稱為帕尼斯的惡魔關在山洞裡的牛。

儘管混合了神話元素,但可能有歷史依據的各種故事都講述了因陀羅幫助個別門徒(例如蘇達國王)對抗陸地敵人的故事。

因陀羅的屬性主要是身體優勢和對物質世界的統治。他的行動充滿活力和暴力,是一位不可抗拒的戰士,是對人類最高財富的無窮無盡的揮霍者,但同時他在各種方面都是肉慾和不道德的,比如暴飲暴食,以及殘忍地殺害自己的父親特瓦斯特。 。他與RV的另一位偉大的宇宙君主伐樓那形成了鮮明的對比,伐樓那實行被動和平的統治,統一執行自然法則,維護道德秩序,其性格表現出崇高的道德特徵。

因陀羅(Indra)這個名字是前印度時期的名字。因為它在《阿維斯塔經》(波斯古經)中被視為惡魔。術語verethraghna (=Vrtrahán) 也在那裡被發現作為勝利之神的名稱,儘管與因陀羅無關。因此,在印度-伊朗時期,似乎已經存在一位類似於殺死弗陀羅的 RV 因陀羅的神。該字的字源值得懷疑,但其部首部分 ind 可能與 índ-u drop中的部分有關。 Reg Veda 梨俱吠陀 HYMN LVI. Indra.

Reg Veda 梨俱吠陀 HYMN LVI. Indra.

Reg Veda 梨俱吠陀 HYMN LVI. Indra.

Reg Veda 梨俱吠陀 HYMN LVI. Indra.

HYMN LVI. Indra.

讚美詩 56 因陀羅

1

एष पर पूर्वीरव तस्य चम्रिषो.अत्यो योषामुदयंस्त भुर्वणिः |
दक्षं महे पाययते हिरण्ययं रथमाव्र्त्या हरियोगं रभ्वसम ||

 

eṣa pra pūrvīrava tasya camriṣo.atyo na yoṣāmudayaṃsta bhurvaṇiḥ |
dakṣaṃ mahe pāyayate hiraṇyayaṃ rathamāvṛtyā hariyoghaṃ ṛbhvasam ||

FOR this man's full libations held in ladles, he hath roused him, eager, as a horse to meet the mare.
He stays his golden car, yoked with Bay Horses, swift, and drinks the Soma juice which strengthens for great deeds.

因為這個人用湯匙盛滿了酒,他喚醒了他,渴望著,就像一匹馬與母馬相會一樣。
他停在他的金車上,拴著灣馬,動作敏捷,喝著蘇摩汁,這可以增強偉大的功績。

2

तं गूर्तयो नेमन्निषः परीणसः समुद्रं संचरणे सनिष्यवः |
पतिं दक्षस्य विदथस्य नू सहो गिरिं वेना अधि रोह तेजसा ||

 

taṃ ghūrtayo nemanniṣaḥ parīṇasaḥ samudraṃ na saṃcaraṇe saniṣyavaḥ |
patiṃ dakṣasya vidathasya nū saho ghiriṃ na venā adhi roha tejasā ||

His adorers, bearing oblations, are thronging round (him), as (merchants) covetous of gain crowd the ocean (in vessels) on a voyage ascend quickly, with a hymn to the powerful Indra, the protector of the solemn sacrifice, as wome (climb) a mountain.”

他的崇拜者帶著祭品,簇擁在他的周圍,就像商人貪婪地湧入海洋一樣,乘船快速掦升,向強大的因陀羅唱頌讚歌,他是莊嚴祭忌的保護者,像女人爬一座山。”

3

तुर्वणिर्महानरेणु पौंस्ये गिरेर्भ्र्ष्टिर्न भराजते तुजा शवः |
येन शुष्णं मायिनमायसो मदे दुध्राभूषु रामयन नि दामनि ||

 

sa turvaṇirmahānareṇu pauṃsye ghirerbhṛṣṭirna bhrājate tujā śavaḥ |
yena śuṣṇaṃ māyinamāyaso made dudhraābhūṣu rāmayan ni dāmani ||

He is quick in action, and mighty; his faultless and desructive prowess shines in manly (conflict) like the peak of a mountain (afar), with which, clothed in metal (armour), he, the supressor of the malignant, when exhilarated (by Soma), cast the wily Śuṣṇa into prison and into bonds.”

他行動敏捷,力大無窮;他完美無瑕和破壞性的力量在男子氣概交鋒中閃耀,就像一座山峰,穿著盔甲的他,邪惡的鎮壓者,在興奮時,將狡猾的Śuṣṇa打入了牢竉。”

4

देवी यदि तविषी तवाव्र्धोतय इन्द्रं सिषक्त्युषसं सूर्यः |
यो धर्ष्णुना शवसा बाधते तम इयर्ति रेणुं बर्हदर्हरिष्वणिः ||

 

devī yadi taviṣī tvāvṛdhotaya indraṃ siṣaktyuṣasaṃ na sūryaḥ |
yo dhṛṣṇunā śavasā bādhate tama iyarti reṇuṃ bṛhadarhariṣvaṇiḥ ||

Divine strength waits, like the sun upon the dawn, upon that Indra who is made more powerful for protection by you, (his worshipper), who with resolute vigour resists the gloom, and inflicts severe castigation uon his enemies, making them cry aloud (with pain).

神聖的力量就像黎明的太陽一樣等待著因陀羅,他因您的保護而變得更加強大,他以堅決的活力抵抗陰暗,並對他的敵人進行嚴厲的懲罰,使他們伴隨著疼痛而大聲哭泣。

5

वि यत तिरो धरुणमच्युतं रजो.अतिष्ठिपो दिव आतासुबर्हणा |
सवर्मीळ्हे यन मद इन्द्र हर्ष्याहन वर्त्रं निरपामौब्जो अर्णवम ||

 

vi yat tiro dharuṇamacyutaṃ rajo.atiṣṭhipo diva ātāsubarhaṇā |
svarmīḷhe yan mada indra harṣyāhan vṛtraṃ nirapāmaubjo arṇavam ||

When you, destroying Indra, did distribute the (previously) hidden life-sustaining, undecaying waters through the different quarters of the heaven, then, animated (by Soma), you did engage in battle, and with exulting (prowess) slew Vṛtra, and did send down an ocean of waters.

當你摧毀了因陀羅,將(以前)隱藏的維持生命、不腐爛的水分佈到天堂的不同區域時,然後,在摩能量的驅動下,你確實參與了戰鬥,並以狂喜、英勇地殺死了Vṛtra(弗栗多),降下了一片海洋。

6

तवं दिवो धरुणं धिष ओजसा पर्थिव्या इन्द्र सदनेषु माहिनः |
तवं सुतस्य मदे अरिणा अपो वि वर्त्रस्य समया पाष्यारुजः ||

 

tvaṃ divo dharuṇaṃ dhiṣa ojasā pṛthivyā indra sadaneṣu māhinaḥ |
tvaṃ sutasya made ariṇā apo vi vṛtrasya samayā pāṣyārujaḥ ||

You, mighty Indra, send down from the heaven by your power, upon the realms of earth, the (world) sustaining rain; exhilarated (by Soma), you have expelled the waters (from the clouds), and have crushed Vṛtra by a solid rock.

你,強大的因陀羅,用你的力量從天上降下雨,降到大地的各個領域,世界持續降雨;你興奮地驅逐了水,並用堅硬的岩石壓碎了Vṛtra(弗栗多)

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